inh`à\mb Hcp hmcysc km£m ]cainh\pw `qXKW§fpw `qanbn k©cn¡sh `qXKW§Ä ]co£n¡pIbpw ]co£W¯n D¯a`à\mb hmcyÀ ]cainh\v {]nb\msW¶v  inhKW§fmb hmkpInbpw \µnbpw Xncn¨dnbpIbpw AhcpsS klNmcnbm¡pIbpw sNbvXp.D¯a`à\mb hmcytcmsSm¸w ]cainh³ C¶s¯ IfÀtImSv `mK¯v hcnIbpw hn{ian¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ]mÀÆXo tZhnbv¡v Ipfn¡m³ inhKW§Ä X¿mdm¡nb Ipfw Ct¸mgpw IfÀtImSv A¼e¯n\v ]Snªmdp hi¯v kwc£n¡p¶p­v. IfÀtImSv {]tZiw `Khm\v CjvSambXn\m `Khm\pw `qXKW§fpw AhnsS \r¯amSpIbpw \r¯w I­v B\µ kpIr-X-\mb hmcy-cpsS at\m A`n-emjw Xncn-¨-dnª ]c-a-in-h³ hmcy-cpsS Bcm-[-\m-em-b-¯n-se-¯p-Ibpw Ahn-Sps¯ Bcm-[\ hn{K-l-¯n\p ap¶n B\µ \S\w BSn `às\ A\p-{K-ln-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hmcy-cpsS Bcm-[-\m-e-b-¯nse apJy D]m-k\ aqÀ¯n inh-\m-bn-cp-¶p. ]c-a-inh `à-\mb hmcy-cpsS CjvS Bcm-[-\m-e-b-¯nse Bdm«v IS-en-em-bn-cp¶p BN-cn-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. tXm­³Ip-f-§-c-bn \n¶pw Bdm«v \S-¯n-bn-cp¶ IS¡c {]tZ-i-¯n\v Bdm-«p-h-gn F¶v kp{]-kn-²-am-bXpw Ncn{X kvac-Wo-b-ambn C¶pw B {]Z-tP-i-¯n\v Bdm«v hgn F¶mWv t]cv. C{Xbpw {]m[m-\y-amb inh-t£{Xw Be-¸p-g-bn apÃbv¡Â A¼-e-¯nse Ducm-gva-¡m-cmb ]qPm-cn-am-cpsS ]qP-bn {]kn-²-am-bXpw `K-hmsâ CÑ-bm-em-Wv. Be-¸p-g-bnse Ncn{X {][m\ t£{X-§-fmb apÃ-bv¡Â, InS-§mw-]-d-¼v, F¶o t£{X-§-fpsS c£-I-\mbn tXm­³Ip-f-§-c-bn ]c-a-in-h³ hmgp-¶Xv Ahn-Sps¯ kÀ¸-¡m-hp-I-fpsS al-Xzw Xncn-¨-dn-bn-¡p-¶p.

        apÃ-bv¡Â tImhn-e-I-¯v, A¼-e-¸pg tZh-\m-cm-b-Wsâ {]tXyI Bh-iy-{]-Imcw Imcm-bva-¡m-cmb IfÀtImSv ]mXn-c-then shÅn-tbm-«n-Ã-¯nse Hcp \¼q-Xncn jnÀ±n-kmbn _m_-bpsS ]c-a-`-à-\m-bn-cp¶p km£m {iocm-asâ Ah-Xm-c-am-bn-cp¶ jnÀ±n-kmbn _m_ Xsâ D¯-a-`-à-\mb shÅn-tbm«v \¼q-Xn-cn-bpsS ap¶n {]Xy-£-\m-Ip-I-bpw, \¼q-Xn-cn-bpsS 4 hb-Êp-Im-c-\mb ]p{X\v 17 hb-Êm-Ip-t¼mÄ tXm­³Ip-f-§c inh-t£-{X-¯nse im´n IÀ½-¯n-\mbn Ab-¡Ww F¶pw, shÅn-tbm«v \¼q-Xn-cn-bpsS ]p{X\v 17 hb-Êm-Ip-t¼mÄ tXm­³Ip-f-§-c-bnse hmcy¯v \n¶pw £Ww D­mIpw F¶pw £Ww \nc-kn-¡-cpXv F¶v \nÀt±-in-¡p-Ibpw shÅn-tbm«v \¼q-Xn-cn-bpsS ]p{X\v inh-a{´w D]-tZ-in-¡p-I-bpw, tPymXn-jw, b{´-kw-kvIm-cw, hmkvXp-imkv{Xw apX-emb hnZy-I-fn {]mhoWyw t\Sp-hm³ A\p-{K-ln-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

       jnÀ±n-kmbn _m_-bpsS Imcp-Wy-¯n alm-]-Þn-X-\mbn hfÀ¶ shÅn-tbm«p \¼q-Xn-cn-bpsS ]p{X³ hn.-tKm-hn-µ³ \¼q-Xncn F¶ t]cn t{ijvT-\mbn hf-csh tKmhn-µ³ \¼q-Xn-cn-bpsS 17-þmas¯ hb-Ên tXm­³Ip-f-§c hmcy¯v \n¶pw inh-t£-{X-¯n im´n-IÀ½-¯n-\mbn BZ-c-thmsS £Ww D­m-Ip-Ibpw hn.-tKm-hn-µ³ \¼q-Xncn £Ww kzoI-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A¼-e-¸pg tZh-\m-cm-b-Wsâ ]n³X-e-ap-d-¡m-cn \n¶pw {]tXyI A\p-aXn t\Sn tXm­³Ip-f-§-c-bn-tebv¡v t]mhp-Ibpw sNbvXp. At±-l-¯nsâ Ime-L-«-¯n tXm­³Ip-f-§c {]i-kvX-t£-{X-ambn hfÀ¶p. hn.-tKm-hn-µ³ \¼q-Xn-cn¡v aq¶v ]p{X³amcpw c­v ]p{Xn-amcpw D­m-hp-Ibpw Ct±-l-¯nsâ c­m-as¯ ]p{X³ ]c-ta-iz-c³ \¼q-Xncn i_-cn-ae taÂim´n F¶ \ne-bnepw {]i-kvX-\mWv. tKmhn-µ³ \¼q-Xn-cn-bpsS aq¶m-as¯ ]p{X³ Pn.-tKm-hn-µ³ \¼q-Xncn (sIm-¨p-tam³ Xncp-ta-\n) F¶ t]cn tXm­³Ip-f-§c inh-t£-{X-¯nse im´n IÀ½-§-fn hym]r-X-\mbn hfÀ¶ t{ijvT-\m-Wv. 75þmas¯ hb-Ên tKmhn-µ³ Xncp-ta\n `uXn-I-i-cocw Dt]-£n¡pw apt¶ jnÀ±n-kmbn _m_-bpsS \nÀt±-i-§Ä If-¦-¸-sc-SmsX ]men-t¡­ alXzw sIm¨p-tam³ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv {]tXyIw Xncn-¨-dn-bn-¨n-cp-¶p. ]nXm-hnsâ D]-tZi {i²-bm D]mk\m t{ij-T-X-bn-eqsS sIm¨p-tam³ Xncp-ta\n kmbn-_m-_sb t\cn ImWm³ `mKy-hm-\mb hyàn-bm-sW-¶Xpw At±-l-¯nsâ im´n IÀ½ ssNX\yw If-¦-c-ln-X-am-sW¶v Xncn-¨-dn-bn-¡p-¶p. ]nXm-hn \n¶pw b{´-kw-kv¡m-c-¯nepw tPymXn-j-¯nepw {]tXyI ]mÞnXyw sIm¨p-tam³ \¼q-Xncn kzmb-¯-am-¡n-bn-«p-­v. Ct¸mÄ 54-þmas¯ hb-Ênepw tXm­³Ip-f-§c inh-t£-{X-¯n ]qPm-cn-bmbn inh-]m-Z-§-fn Ign-bp¶ sIm¨p-tam³ Xncp-ta\n `à-P-\-§-tfmSv ]nXr-Xp-ey-amb hmÕ-ey-apÅ kvt\l kzcq-]-\m-sW¶v At±-ls¯ Adn-bp¶ `à-P-\-§Ä¡v Xncn-¨-dn-bmw. tXm­³Ip-f-§c inh-t£-{X-¯n-e ZÀi\w sNbvXv aS-§p¶ `àÀ `b-c-ln-Xcpw tcmK-hn-ap-à-cmbpw If-¦-c-ln-X-cm-Ip¶p F¶pw {it²-b-am-Wv.

       tXm­³Ip-f-§c inh-t£-{X-¯nse Xn¦-fmgvN {hX ZÀi-\-¯n-\pw, imkvXm-t£-{X-¯n\pw apcpI t£{X-¯n\pw {]tXyI {][m\yw DÅ-Xn-\m Xn¦-fmgvN {hXw BN-cn-¡p¶ `à-P-\-§fpw i_-cn-a-e-bn t]mIm³ B{K-ln-¡p¶ `àcpw jjvTn {hXw BN-cn-¡m³ B{K-ln-¡p¶ `àcpw tXm­³Ip-f-§c t£{X-¯n\v {]tXyI {]m[m\yw ZÀin-¡p-¶p.

       ]rOm \nÀ¤-amZn {]¦ {Inb ]cy´w Nn´n¨Xn ip`m-ip-`-§-fn KpW-tZm-j-an-{in-X-am-bn-«mWv ImWp-¶-Xv. jUm-cq-V-§-fn \n¶pw {]tXyIw hymg-¯nsâ CjvS-ØnXn ]cn-tim-[n-¨-Xn A©v Bcq-V-§-fn \n¶pw hymgw A\p-Iq-e-am-bXv Chn-Sps¯ ssNX-\y-¯nsâ Akm-[m-c-W-Xz-t¯bpw `mhn t{ib-Ên-t\bpw kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶p. `à-P-\-§-fpsS A`o-jvS-§sf Adnªv A\p-{K-ln-¡p-hm³ iàn-a-¯mb ssNX-\y-_Ôw ChnsS IpSn-sIm-Åp¶ alm-tZ-h-\n ImWp-¶p.

       aIcw cmin kzÀ®m-cq-V-\mbn \memw `mh-¯n-sâ-bpw, Ncn{X `mh-¯n-sâbpw A[n-]-\mb sNmÆbv¡v eá-¯n D¨-Øn-Xn, alm-km-¶n²y Øm\-[n-]Xyw hln¨ kqcy\v \men D¨-Øn-Xn, D¨-Øm-\mb hymg-¯nsâ Bcq-V-`m-h-¯n-te-bv¡pÅ ZrjvSn F¶o khn-ti-j-X-IÄ Chn-Sps¯ {]tXy-IX kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶p.

       ]qÀÆ ZÀi-\-amb {][m\ {ioe-I¯v inh-km-¶n-²yhpw Npän \ncr-Xn-]-Z-¯n KW-]-Xn, `ph-t\-iz-cn, {_lm-am-e-b-¯n Bcm-[n¨p h¶n-cp¶ tXhm-c-§Ä ]pd¯v I¶n-cm-in-]-Z-¯n imkvXmhpw hS-¡p-`m-K¯v ]qÀÆ ZÀi-\-ambn hÅo tZh-bm\o kta-X-\mb {io kp{_-Ò-Wy-kzman-bpw. {][m\ t£{X-¯n Npän-\-Sp¯v Cuim-\p-]-Z-¯n \mK-§fpw c£-Êpw, ]pd¯v Cuim-\-]-Z-¯n {ioaq-e-Øm-\-sa¶ ]hn-{X-Øm-\hpw kzev]w hn«v ao\w cmin ]Z-¯n ]qÀÆ-ZÀi-\-ambn Hcp KW-]Xn km¶n-²y-t¯bpw Bcm-[n¨p hcp-¶p.

       Cu {Kma-¯n\v apgp-h³ A\p-{K-l-hÀjw sNmcn-ªpÅ Cu tZh³ kX-k-´m-\-Kp-W-¯n\pw, \à Zm¼-Xy-Po-hn-X-¯n-\pw,-hn-Zym-`n-hr-²n-¡pw, km¼-¯n-Im-`n-hr-²n-¡pw, BbpÀ_-e-¯n\pw th­n {]mÀ°n-¨m Ffp¸w hcw \ÂIp¶ alm-tZ-h-\m-sW¶v {]iv\ tKmNcw sXfn-bn-¡p-¶p.

       sIm¨n-cm-Pm-hnsâ tXhm-c-aqÀ¯n-bmbn tkhn¨p h¶n-cp¶ Cu tZh³ hf-sc-¡mew \Ã-\n-e-bn \S-¶p-h-cn-I-bpw, ]n¶oSv Cu t£{X-hpw, `qkz-¯p-¡fpw t£{X-Im-cy-§Ä `wKn-bmbn XpSÀ¶v \S-t¯-­-Xn-tebv¡v C¶s¯ t£t{X-i-hn-`m-K-¡m-cmb hmcn-bÀ hn`m-K-¡msc G¸n¨-Xmbpw tKmNcw ImWn-¡p-¶p. t£{X-¯nsâ DS-a-Øm-h-Imiw kn²n¨ hmcn-bÀ hn`m-K-¡mÀ Cu tZhs\ \à \ne-bn tkhn-¡p-Ibpw \nXy-\n-Zm-\-§fpw DÂk-h-§fpw hfsc `wKn-bmbn \S-¯n-t¸m-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

       hS-t¡-hmcyw sXt¡-hmcyw F¶o IpSpw-_-t]-cp-I-fn c­p kt¦-X-§-fn-embn Cu IpSpw_w A[n-h-kn-¨p-t]m-¶p. F¶m Imem-´-c-¯n t£{X-Im-cy-§-fn th­{X {i²-bn-ÃmsX hcn-Ibpw \nXy-\n-Zm\ Imcy-§-fn XmXv]cyw Ipdªv t£{X `qkz-¯p-¡Ä A\ym-[o-\-X-bn hcp-hm\pw CS-bm-b-Xmbn ImWp-¶p.

       BNmcyim]w, BNm-cy-t`-Zw, hnin-jvS-\mb Hcp Zo£n-Xsâim]w, t{]X-Zp-cn-X-§Ä F¶nh Imc-W-ambn tZh-km-¶n-²y-¯nsâ A\p-{K-l-Ie {ItaW Ipd-bp-Ibpw, Cu tZh-tIm]w t£{X-hn-`m-K-¡m-cn-tebv¡v Iq«-a-c-W-§Ä, am\-kn-I-{`-a-X, ZpÀarXn AÚmX-tcm-Kw, Zm¼-Xy-Zp-cn-Xw, k´m-\Zp:Jw, k´m-\-§-fn-Ãm¯ Ah-Ø F¶nhbv¡pw hwim-´-¯nsâ (G-Xm-­v) L«-¯n-tebv¡v \o§n XpS-§p-¶-Xn\pw CS-h-cp-¯n-b-Xmbn ImWp-¶p. tZh-kz-]-l-c-WmZn ]m]mw-i-§Ä¡v {]mb-Ýn¯w sNbvXv BNmcy im]-tZm-j-§Ä ]cn-l-cn¨v BNmcy \nÀtZ-im-\p-k-cWw `àn {i²m-]p-c-Êcw CXn ImWn-¡p¶ {]Xn-hn-[n-IÄ sNbvXn-sÃ-¦n C\nbpw Zp:Jm\p-`-h-§Ä kw`-hn-¡p-sa¶v kzÀ®¯nsâ At[m-ap-J-Øn-Xnbpw ]©-kq-{X-§-fnse Poh-kq-{X-¡p-dhpw hyà-ambn ImWn-¡p-¶p.

       c­m-bn-c-¯n¸cw hÀj-§-fpsS ]g¡w ImWn-¡p¶ Cu (ssN-X-\y) tZhm-e-b-¯nsâ Ncn{X Nn´-\-bn Hcp Ime¯v ImSpw \Zo-ap-J-hp-am-bn-cp¶ Cu ]hn-{X-k-t¦-X-¯n AXn-hn-in-jvS-\mb Hcp Aa-\p-tj-b³ X]-Ê-\p-jvTn¨p h¶n-cp-¶p. At±-l-¯nsâ X]:iàn-bn IqSn DÛ-hn-¡m-\n-S-h¶ a{´-kv]-µ-\-§Ä A´-co-£-¯n hnebw {]m]n-¡p-I-bpw, Cu ]hn-{X-amb XoÀ°-Ip-f-¯n-\-Sp¯v tXtPm-cq-]-¯n ]n¶oSv ZÀin-¡p-hm³ CS-h-cn-Ibpw kzbw `qcp-t]-W-I­ Cu tXP-]pRvPw {io alm-tZ-h-\m-sW¶v a\-Ên-em¡n t£{X \nÀ½mWw \S¯n Bcm-[n¨p hcp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xmbn sXfn-bp-¶p. ssNX\yw BZyw ZÀin-¡p-hm³ CS-h¶ ]hn-{X-Øm\w {ioaq-e-Øm-\-ambn C¶pw ]cn-e-kn-¡p-¶p.

       ]c-¼-c-bmbn im´n IÀ½-§Ä sNbvXp-h-cp¶ C¶pÅ tZhm-eb hn`m-K-¡m-cpsS {i²m-]qÀÆ-apÅ Bcm-[-\bpw D]m-k-\bpw \nXy-IÀ½-§-fn-epÅ \njvT-bp-amWv C¶v \ne-\n¡p-¶-sX¶pw {]tXyIw ImWp-¶p. ]qÀÆImew kw`-hn¨ BNmcy im]-tZmjw ]cn-l-cn-¡m¯pw hf-sc-¡m-e-ambn BNm-cysâ kmao]yw t£{X-¯n e`n-¡m-¯Xpw tZhm-\n-jvS-¯n\pw tZh-tIm-]-¯n\pw {][m\ Imc-W-ambn ImWp-¶p.

       inÂ]-im-kv{X-RvPsâ \nÀtZ-i-an-ÃmsX AØm-\¯v t£{X-´À `mK¯v {]Xn-jvTn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ \mK-km-¶n-²y-§-tfbpw c£-Ên-t\bpw in¸n \nÀtZ-in-¡p¶ Øm\-t¯bv¡v amän {]Xn-jvTn-¡-Ww. aÞ-]-¯n ]qÀÆ-Im-e¯v CÃm-¯Xpw ]n¶oSv sIm­p-sh-bv¡m-\n-S-h¶ Imfsb ]pd¯v in¸n \nÀtZ-in-¡p¶ Øm\-t¯bv¡v amä-Ww.

       hf-sc-¡m-e-ambn Xm{´nI Imcy-§-fpsS A`mhhpw ta¡m-Wn¨ im]-tZm-j-§fpw \nc-h[n c£-Êp-Ifpw t{]X-_m-[-cq-]-¯n _Ô-s¸-SpI Imc-W-ambn t£t{Xi IpSpw-_-¯n-tebv¡pw t£{X-]-cn-k-c-§-fnepw t£{X-¯nepw ZpÀ½-c-W-§fpw ]c-kv]-c-I-e-l-§fpw A\p-`-hn-¡m-\nS h¶-Xmbpw C¯cw tZmj-§sf Xmsg ImWn-¡p¶ hn[-¯n ]cn#lcn-¨m t{ib-Ê-\p-`-hn-¡p-sa¶v ImWp-¶p.